This correlation remained strong after controlling for general object recognition performance. Results showed a correlation between performance recognizing whole faces and number of bubbles, such that those who required the fewest bubbles to maintain 75% accuracy were the best at recognizing whole faces in other tests. Better performance is indexed by fewer required bubbles. The number of bubbles in the test face was continually adjusted based on participants' performance to maintain 75% accuracy. Participants briefly viewed a study face, and then had to select which of two "bubblized" faces matched the identity of the study face. They used the Bubbles technique, in which faces are presented through a restricted number of randomly distributed, small apertures, effectively limiting the amount of available visual information. Royer and colleagues (2015, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance) (PDF, 88KB) examined the extent to which the ability to recognize faces depends on the availability of whole face information. Despite this, we are able to recognize individuals across a variety of superficial perceptual changes in lighting or viewpoint, or when some facial features are obscured by accessories like sunglasses. Moreover, because all faces contain the same features (eyes, nose, mouth) in the same general configuration (eyes above nose, nose above mouth), distinguishing between individuals is a visually demanding task. Faces convey a wealth of information that is critical to social interactions, such as identity and emotion.
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